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브레이크뉴스 정민우 기자= 국내 대기업 중 이자보상배율이 1 미만인 기업이 전체의 약 20%인 52곳으로 조사됐다. 이는 전년 동기 대비 3%p(8곳) 증가한 수치다.
이자보상배율은 영업이익을 대출이자 등 금융비용으로 나눈 값으로, 이 수치가 1보다 작다는 것은 연간 영업이익으로 이자도 감당할 수 없는 ‘잠재적 부실기업’을 뜻한다.
27일 CEO스코어에 따르면 국내 500대 기업 중 금융사를 제외한 분기보고서 제출 기업 271곳을 대상으로 2023년 3분기부터 2024년 3분기까지 누적 영업이익과 이자비용을 조사한 결과, 이들 기업의 올해 3분기 이자비용은 27조2145억원으로 집계됐다. 이는 전년 동기(25조2231억원) 대비 7.9%(1조9914억원) 증가한 수치다.
또한, 올해 3분기 영업이익은 135조2999억원으로 전년 동기(76조374억원) 대비 77.9%(59조2625억원) 증가했다. SK하이닉스(23조4609억원↑), 삼성전자(22조4910억원↑), 한국전력공사(12조3990억원↑)의 영업이익 증가액이 전체 증가액의 98.5%(58조3509억원)에 달할 정도로 비중이 컸다.
영업이익이 큰 폭 증가하면서 이자보상배율 역시 지난해 3분기 3.01에서 올해 3분기 4.97로 1.96 높아졌다. 하지만, SK하이닉스, 삼성전자, 한국전력공사를 뺀 나머지 기업들의 이자보상배율은 지난해 3분기 4.34에서 올 3분기 3.98로 0.36 낮아졌다.
올 3분기 기준 이자보상배율 1 미만 기업은 전년 대비 8곳 증가한 52곳에 달했다. 지난해 3분기 44곳(16.2%)에서 올해는 8곳(3.0%p) 늘었다.
영업손실 기업은 LG디스플레이, SK온, 한화솔루션, 호텔롯데, 롯데케미칼 등 29곳이었고, 이자보상배율 0 이상~1 미만 기업도 태영건설(0.05), SK인천석유화학(0.15), HJ중공업(0.16) 등 23곳이나 됐다.
게다가 2022년 3분기부터 3년 연속 이자보상배율이 1 미만인 기업도 16곳에 달했다.
특히, LG디스플레이는 이자비용이 △2022년 3분기 2840억원 △2023년 3분기 5086억원 △올해 3분기 6900억원으로 증가했다. 반대로, 영업이익은 △2022년 3분기 -1조2093억원 △2023년 3분기 -2조6419억원 △올 3분기 -6437억원으로 연속 적자를 냈다.
SK온도 이자비용이 △2022년 3분기 1129억원 △2023년 3분기 3365억원 △올해 3분기 6351억원으로 증가한 반면, 영업이익은 △2022년 3분기 -7347억원 △2023년 3분기 -5632억원 △올해 3분기 -7676억원을 기록했다.
롯데쇼핑의 경우도 이자비용이 △2022년 3분기 3646억원 △2023년 3분기 4418억원 △올해 3분기 4668억원으로 매년 증가한 반면, 영업이익은 △2022년 3분기 2932억원 △2023년 3분기 3060억원 △올 3분기 3259억원으로 제자리 걸음에 그쳤다.
17개 업종 중 이자보상배율이 1 미만인 업종은 석유화학 업종이 유일했다. 석유화학 업종의 경우 올 3분기 영업이익이 전년 동기 대비 83.3% 감소하면서 이자보상비율이 1보다 작은 0.42에 그쳤다.
석유화학 업종 기업들의 이자비용은 2023년 3분기 3조608억원에서 올 3분기 3조7733억원으로 23.3%(7125억원) 증가했으나, 영업이익은 9조5064억원에서 1조5843억원으로 83.3%(7조9221억원)나 감소했다.
업체별로 보면 GS칼텍스(1조2212억원↓), 에쓰오일(1조2112억원↓), LG화학(1조1129억원↓) 등 21곳의 영업이익이 전년 동기 대비 대폭 줄었다. 이에 따라 이자보상배율 역시 2023년 3분기 3.11에서 올 3분기 0.42로 2.69 감소했다.
반면, 2021년 3분기부터 3년 동안 이자보상배율이 1 미만이었다 올해 탈출에 성공한 기업은 한국전력공사, HD현대미포, HD현대중공업, CJ CGV 등 4곳이다.
break9874@naver.com
*아래는 위 기사를 '구글 번역'으로 번역한 영문 기사의 [전문]입니다. '구글번역'은 이해도 높이기를 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 영문 번역에 오류가 있을 수 있음을 전제로 합니다.<*The following is [the full text] of the English article translated by 'Google Translate'. 'Google Translate' is working hard to improve understanding. It is assumed that there may be errors in the English translation.>
52 large corporations are potentially insolvent companies.. “We can’t even afford to pay interest on our money”
Among large domestic companies, 52 companies, or about 20% of the total, were found to have an interest coverage ratio of less than 1. This is an increase of 3%p (8 companies) compared to the same period last year.
The interest coverage ratio is the operating profit divided by financial expenses such as loan interest, and a figure less than 1 means a ‘potentially insolvent company’ that cannot even cover interest with its annual operating profit.
According to CEO Score on the 27th, the cumulative operating profit and interest expenses of 271 companies that submitted quarterly reports among the top 500 domestic companies, excluding financial institutions, from the third quarter of 2023 to the third quarter of 2024 were investigated, and the interest expenses of these companies in the third quarter of this year were tallied at KRW 27.2145 trillion. This is an increase of 7.9% (KRW 1.9914 trillion) compared to the same period last year (KRW 25.2231 trillion).
In addition, operating profit in the third quarter of this year increased by 77.9% (KRW 59.2625 trillion) to KRW 135.2999 trillion compared to the same period last year (KRW 76.374 trillion). The increase in operating profit of SK Hynix (KRW 23.4609 trillion↑), Samsung Electronics (KRW 22.4910 trillion↑), and Korea Electric Power Corporation (KRW 12.3990 trillion↑) accounted for 98.5% (KRW 58.3509 trillion) of the total increase, which was a large proportion.
As operating profit increased significantly, the interest coverage ratio also increased by 1.96 from 3.01 in the third quarter of last year to 4.97 in the third quarter of this year. However, the interest coverage ratio of the remaining companies, excluding SK Hynix, Samsung Electronics, and Korea Electric Power Corporation, decreased by 0.36 from 4.34 in the third quarter of last year to 3.98 in the third quarter of this year.
As of the third quarter of this year, the number of companies with an interest coverage ratio of less than 1 increased by 8 from the previous year to 52. The number increased from 44 (16.2%) in the third quarter of last year to 8 (3.0%p) this year.
There were 29 companies with operating losses, including LG Display, SK On, Hanwha Solutions, Hotel Lotte, and Lotte Chemical, and 23 companies with an interest coverage ratio of 0 or more to less than 1, including Taeyoung Construction (0.05), SK Incheon Petrochemical (0.15), and HJ Heavy Industries (0.16).
In addition, there were 16 companies with an interest coverage ratio of less than 1 for three consecutive years starting from the third quarter of 2022.
In particular, LG Display's interest expenses increased to △284 billion won in the third quarter of 2022, △508.6 billion won in the third quarter of 2023, and △690 billion won in the third quarter of this year. On the other hand, operating profit recorded consecutive deficits of -1.2093 trillion won in the third quarter of 2022, -2.6419 trillion won in the third quarter of 2023, and -643.7 billion won in the third quarter of this year.
While SK On-Tron's interest expenses increased to -112.9 billion won in the third quarter of 2022, -336.5 billion won in the third quarter of 2023, and -635.1 billion won in the third quarter of this year, operating profit recorded -734.7 billion won in the third quarter of 2022, -563.2 billion won in the third quarter of 2023, and -767.6 billion won in the third quarter of this year.
In the case of Lotte Shopping, interest expenses increased every year to △364.6 billion won in the third quarter of 2022, △441.8 billion won in the third quarter of 2023, and △466.8 billion won in the third quarter of this year, while operating profit remained stagnant at △293.2 billion won in the third quarter of 2022, △306 billion won in the third quarter of 2023, and △325.9 billion won in the third quarter of this year.
Among the 17 industries, the petrochemical industry was the only one with an interest coverage ratio of less than 1. In the case of the petrochemical industry, operating profit in the third quarter of this year decreased by 83.3% compared to the same period last year, and the interest coverage ratio was only 0.42, which is less than 1.
The interest expenses of petrochemical companies increased by 23.3% (KRW 712.5 billion) from KRW 3.608 trillion in the third quarter of 2023 to KRW 3.7733 trillion in the third quarter of this year, but operating profit decreased by 83.3% (KRW 7.9221 trillion) from KRW 9.5064 trillion to KRW 1.5843 trillion.
By company, 21 companies, including GS Caltex (KRW 1.2212 trillion↓), S-Oil (KRW 1.2112 trillion↓), and LG Chem (KRW 1.1129 trillion↓), saw their operating profits decrease significantly compared to the same period last year. Accordingly, the interest coverage ratio also decreased by 2.69 from KRW 3.11 in the third quarter of 2023 to KRW 0.42 in the third quarter of this year.
On the other hand, the interest coverage ratio was less than 1 for three years starting from the third quarter of 2021. The four companies that successfully escaped this year are Korea Electric Power Corporation, HD Hyundai Mipo, HD Hyundai Heavy Industries, and CJ CGV.
