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Major countries in the world increase renewable energy and protect nuclear power plants. Korea is out of nuclear power
-Reporter Moon Hong-cheol
It was found that most of the major global countries recognize nuclear power as an important base power source and promote energy policies.
According to the National Federation of Entrepreneurs on the 4th, as a result of comparing energy policies of seven major countries including G5 (US, Japan, Germany, UK, and France) and China and Korea, common trends of increasing the proportion of renewable energy generation and reducing the proportion of thermal power generation were established. Showed.
In addition, five countries, excluding Germany and Korea, have planned to expand or maintain nuclear power plants in order to respond to climate change (reduction of carbon emissions) and to supply stable power.
First, China is expanding the proportion of non-fossil energy (renewable energy and nuclear power) to respond to the increase in demand for electricity caused by economic growth and to control carbon emissions. The China Energy Research Institute predicted that the share of renewable energy generation, which was 26.2% in 2019, will increase to 42.6% in 2035, and the share of nuclear power plants will also increase to 12.2% in 2035, nearly three times that of 2019.
Japan plans to re-enlarge the proportion of nuclear power plants, which had declined significantly after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident (2011). Japan recognized nuclear power as an important base power source as well as a means of carbon reduction in the'Fifth Basic Energy Plan' (2018), and announced that it will significantly increase the share of nuclear power plants from 6.6% in 2019 to 20~22% by 2030.
The U.S. set a goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 with the inauguration of the Biden administration. Accordingly, investment in renewable energy fields such as wind and solar power will be significantly expanded, and the proportion of renewable energy generation is expected to reach 42% by 2050.
The U.S. Department of Energy announced the'Nuclear Strategic Vision' (January 2021) to officially rebuild the nuclear power plant industry ecosystem, such as continuing operation of existing nuclear power plants, maintaining nuclear power generation capacity, developing next-generation nuclear power plants, and expanding the supply chain of nuclear power plants by renewing the operating period of the existing nuclear power plants. did.
The UK has expanded the share of wind power generation by actively utilizing abundant wind resources according to the geographical advantage of the island country. As a result, as of 2019, the share of wind power generation reached 20.7%, about 2.7 times the OECD average (7.8%). The nuclear power plant is also recognized as a means to achieve carbon neutrality, and the operation period of the eight nuclear power plants in operation has been extended, while the construction of three new nuclear power plants is being promoted.
France, which accounts for about 70% of nuclear power generation as of 2019, plans to diversify its power mix by expanding the share of renewable energy generation. At the same time, the nuclear power plant is recognized as an important base power source for responding to climate change and stable power supply, and plans to maintain a 50% ratio in the long term.
President Macron also stressed that "nuclear power will continue to be a key part of the French power supply in the future" at a visit to a French nuclear reactor manufacturing company in December last year.
On the other hand, Germany is one of the major countries with the highest target of renewable energy generation. Germany has set a goal of supplying 65% of its electricity demand to renewable energy by 2030 (Climate Protection Program). In addition, it plans to completely shut down nuclear power plants by 2022 and to stop coal-fired power generation by 2038.
Korea also reduced the proportion of coal-fired power plants (-13.1%p) and nuclear power plants (-8.1%p) and renewable energy (+24.5%p) by 2034 from the 9th Basic Plan for Power Supply and Demand (2020-2034). It has been announced that it will be greatly expanded. Most of the capacity of renewable energy facilities (90.6%) is planned to be occupied by solar power (58.6%) and wind power (32.0%).