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More serious than the global financial crisis, the longest recession since Corona 19..IMF continues
-Reporter Park Soo-young
It was found that the economic recession caused by Corona 19 has continued for the longest period since the IMF.
The Korea Economic Research Institute diagnosed on the 22nd that although more than a year has passed since the outbreak of Corona 19, the Korean economy has not recovered to its pre-crisis level. In particular, it was investigated that as the impact of Corona 19 was concentrated on private consumption, face-to-face and service industries, polarization by sector and industry also intensified.
As a result of analyzing the quarterly GDP data by Han Kyung-yeon, the GDP for the fourth quarter of last year was 46.2 trillion won, which was at 98.7% of the GDP of 48.6 trillion won in the fourth quarter of 2019, just before the outbreak of Corona 19.
Han Kyung-yeon explained that during the global financial crisis in 2008, quarterly GDP recovered (101.0%) to the level just before the crisis in one year, and explained that the Korean economy was in shock beyond the global financial crisis due to Corona 19.
In addition, as a result of measuring the impact intensity for each economic crisis by calculating the maximum decline in GDP for each quarter before and after the crisis, Han Kyung-yeon found that the foreign exchange crisis (7.6%), Corona 19 (4.4%), and the financial crisis (3.2%) were in order. The shock recovery took six quarters for the foreign exchange crisis and four quarters for the financial crisis, and the Corona 19 crisis is ongoing for the fifth quarter.
Han Gyeong-yeon diagnosed that the possibility of delaying the economic recovery period to the level of the foreign exchange crisis cannot be ruled out as the corona 19 re-proliferation and social distancing measures are repeated.
By category, while the L-shaped stagnation in private consumption continued, exports rebounded sharply after the second quarter of last year, making up for some of the economic downturn.
Private consumption in the fourth quarter of 2020 recorded the lowest level at 93.4% compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, just before Corona 19. At the time of the past economic crisis, private consumption showed a recovery trend in the first two quarters, but the current Corona 19 crisis showed that consumption continued to contract for one year after the outbreak.
"The increase in the number of confirmed patients and repetition of social distancing is the cause of the prolonged consumption contraction," said Han Kyung-yeon. "We are concerned that consumption will continue until the end of this year when collective immunity is achieved."
On the other hand, exports declined to 82.8% compared to just before Corona 19 in the second quarter of last year, but then quickly rebounded and recovered to the level before Corona 19 in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Han Kyung-yeon explained that Korea's largest exporter, China, quickly entered the corona recovery phase, and export performance showed a sharp recovery as economic activities in major consumer markets such as the United States resumed from the second half of last year.
The polarization by industry according to the Corona 19 shock was evident. In the manufacturing industry, the quarterly GDP rebounded rapidly from the second quarter of 2020 to a low (90.6% compared to just before the shock), recovering to the level just before Corona 19 in four quarters after the shock. This is faster than the IMF foreign exchange crisis and the global financial crisis, which took five quarters to recover from the shock of the manufacturing industry.
In the early days of Corona 19, the domestic manufacturing industry was hit hard due to a decrease in global trade, but the domestic manufacturing industry seems to have recovered rapidly as demand for major industries such as semiconductors and home appliances increased due to the influence of non-face-to-face. On the other hand, the service industry showed a slower recovery than the global financial crisis as well as the IMF financial crisis as GDP in the fourth quarter of last year was only 97.9% of the level before Corona 19.
In particular, the hit was severe in industries affected by social distancing, such as accommodation, food, education, and culture. Quarterly GDP of these sectors not only declined more than during the IMF financial crisis, but also did not show a clear recovery until the second half of last year due to the re-proliferation of Corona 19.
In the case of wholesale and retail businesses, they showed a relatively good recovery trend, following a similar recovery path as during the global financial crisis. As a result, an increase in online shopping transactions last year (19.1%) partially offset the impact of the offline sector, Han Kyung-yeon analyzed.
Gwang-ho Choo, head of economic policy department Han Gyeong-yeon, said, ¡°Due to this Corona 19, our economy has faced the worst situation since the IMF financial crisis. There is a lot of concern.¡±
He added, ¡°In particular, the situation in the face-to-face service industry, where the impact of Corona 19 was concentrated, is more serious than during the 1997 financial crisis. We will have to focus our policy capabilities to provide practical help to the industry affected by Corona 19.¡±